Chemical Engineer:
Chemical engineering is the branch of engineering that deals with the application of physical science with mathematics, to the process of converting raw materials or chemicals into more useful or valuable forms.
Chemical Engineer converts scientific discoveries into marketable products. They are involved in many aspects of chemical production, Research and design, as well as in the construction and operation of industrial plants. Chemical engineering is a diverse and complex profession. Frequently, engineers specialize in one area, such as food, pharmaceuticals, heat transfer and energy conversion, petrochemicals (chemicals made from petroleum or natural gas), or consumer products such as plastics, detergents, paint, and synthetic textiles. Others specialize in one particular aspect of chemical production, such as oxidation, evaporation, or polymerization (the process of joining single molecules together into long chains).Chemical Engineers develop equipment for the manufacture of chemicals and related products and for the prevention of air, water, and soil pollution. They conduct Research to develop new manufacturing processes, analyze operating procedures, equipment and machinery functions, and make recommendations for reducing processing time and cost. They design equipment for safe storage and transportation of chemical solids, liquids, and gases, as well as design control systems for chemical plants, based upon data from lab experiments and pilot plant operations. Chemical Engineers also perform tests and take measurements in order to determine the most efficient production methods and develop instrumentation and control systems that will safely and economically produce the highest quality product.
BioMolecular Engineering:
Molecular engineering is any means of manufacturing molecules. It may be used to create, on an extremely small scale, most typically one at a time, new molecules which may not exist in nature, or be stable beyond a very narrow range of conditions.
Today this is an extremely difficult process, requiring manual manipulation of molecules using such devices as a scanning tunneling microscope. Eventually it is expected to exploit life-like self-replicating 'helper molecules' that are themselves engineered. Thus the field can be seen as a precision form of chemical engineering that includes protein engineering, the creation of protein molecules, a process that occurs naturally in biochemistry, e.g., prion reproduction. However, it provides far more control than genetic modification of an existing genome, which must rely strictly on existing biochemistry to express genes as proteins, and has little power to produce any non-proteins.
Molecular engineering is an important part of pharmaceutical research and materials science.
Water Purification process:
Flocculation/Sedimentation:
Flocculation refers to water treatment processes that combine or coagulate small particles into larger particles, which settle out of the water as sediment. Alum and iron salts or synthetic organic polymers (used alone or in combination with metal salts) are generally used to promote coagulation. Settling or sedimentation occurs naturally as flocculated particles settle out of the water.
Filtration:
Many water treatment facilities use filtration to remove all particles from the water. Those particles include clays and silts, natural organic matter, precipitates from other treatment processes in the facility, iron and manganese, and microorganisms. Filtration clarifies water and enhances the effectiveness of disinfection. Ion ExchangeIon exchange processes are used to remove inorganic contaminants if they cannot be removed adequately by filtration or sedimentation. Ion exchange can be used to treat hard water. It can also be used to remove arsenic, chromium, excess fluoride, nitrates, radium, and uranium.
Adsorption:
Organic contaminants, unwanted coloring, and taste-and-odor-causing compounds can stick to the surface of granular or powder activated carbon and are thus removed from the drinking water.
Disinfection (chlorination/ozonation):
Water is often disinfected before it enters the distribution system to ensure that potentially dangerous microbes are killed. Chlorine, chloramines, or chlorine dioxide are most often used because they are very effective disinfectants, not only at the treatment plant but also in the pipes that distribute water to our homes and businesses. Ozone is a powerful disinfectant, and ultraviolet radiation is an effective disinfectant and treatment for relatively clean source waters, but neither of these are effective in controlling biological contaminants in the distribution pipes.
Crystallization Process:
Crystallization Process Systems gives a clear, concise, balanced and up to date presentation of crystallization and solid-liquid separation of the crystalline product. The information is presented in a coherent, concise and logical sequence based on the fundamentals of particulate crystallization processes as systems. By emphasising the analysis, design and operation of particulate crystallization processes as systems, the reader will be able to make a better judgement about the best, cheapest and most effective production method to use. Crystallization Process Systems gives a wider view and an overview of the subject of crystallization as a whole. It provides an ideal lead-in to more specialized works such as Crystallization and Solid-Liquid Separation.
Mineral Process:
Mineral processing, otherwise known as mineral dressing, is the practice of beneficiary valuable minerals from their ores. Industrial mineral treatment processes usually combine a number of unit operations in order to liberate and separate minerals by exploiting the differences in physical properties of the different minerals that make up an ore.
Many plants also incorporate hydro metallurgical or pyrometallurgical processes as part of an extractive metallurgical operation.
Mineral processing involves four general types of operations: comminution or particle size reduction, sizing or separation of particle sizes by screening or classification, concentration by taking advantage of physical and surface chemical properties, and dewatering or solid/liquid separation.
Semiconductor Device Fabrication:
Semiconductor device fabrication is the process used to create chips, the integrated circuits that are present in everyday electrical and electronic devices. It is a multiple-step sequence of photographic and chemical processing steps during which electronic circuits are gradually created on a wafer made of pure semiconducting material. Silicon is the most commonly used semiconductor material today, along with various compound semiconductors.
The entire manufacturing process from start to packaged chips ready for shipment takes six to eight weeks and is performed in highly specialized facilities referred to as fabs.
Water Cooling and Chiller System:
A water cooler is provided with an improved chiller system of the type having a thermoelectric chiller module for maintaining a supply of water at a reduced and refreshing temperature level. The chiller system comprises the thermoelectric chiller module having a cold side thereof in thermal communication with a supply of water to be chilled, and a hot side thereof exposed within a manifold defining a heat transfer chamber filled with a heat exchange medium such as water. An impeller located centrally within the heat transfer chamber circulates the water directly against the hot side of the thermoelectric module, from which the water then flows radially outwardly through a plurality of hollow fin elements and is recirculated back to the impeller. In the preferred form, the impeller is coupled by a hermetically sealed magnetic coupling to an air flow fan disposed outside the manifold for providing a cooling air flow over exterior surfaces of the hollow fin elements.
Fermentation System:
The fermentation system is provided with a separating section in which a plurality of vertically disposed inserts are positioned to form narrow upwardly directed passages for the flow of the fermentation mixture. The inserts serve to impart high shear forces on the mixture so as to reduce the viscosity of the mixture and thus release the gas in the form of bubbles. A collecting chamber is provided to collect the gas and the chamber is vented for the removal of the gas from the fermentation circuit.
Textile Engineering:
Textile engineering (TE) or textile technology deals with the application of scientific and engineering principles to the design and control of all aspects of fiber, textile, and apparel processes, products, and machinery. These include natural and man-made materials, interaction of materials with machines, safety and health, energy conservation, and waste and pollution control. Additionally, textile engineers are given training and experience in plant design and layout, machine and wet process design and improvement, and designing and creating textile products.
Cooling towers are a very important part of many chemical plants. They represent a relatively inexpensive and dependable means of removing low grade heat from cooling water.
The make-up water source is used to replenish water lost to evaporation. Hot water from heat exchangers is sent to the cooling tower. The water exits the cooling tower and is sent back to the exchangers or to other units for further cooling.
Types of Cooling Tower:
Cooling towers fall into two main sub-divisions: natural draft and mechanical draft. Natural draft designs use very large concrete chimneys to introduce air through the media. Due to the tremendous size of these towers they are generally used for water flowrates above 200,000 gal/min. Usually these types of towers are only used by utility power stations in the United States. Mechanical draft cooling towers are much more widely used. These towers utilize large fans to force air through circulated water. The water falls downward over fill surfaces which help increase the contact time between the water and the air. This helps maximize heat transfer between the two.
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1 Comentario:
This is a very thorough article. Thank you for sharing this information on health practitioners. Look forward to get more informative posts, Thanks!
Ozone cooling towers
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